Subject(s)
Animals , Cebus , Social Behavior , Monkey Diseases/diagnosis , Monkey Diseases/genetics , Enterococcus/pathogenicityABSTRACT
El alargamiento de extremidades trata las discrepancias de longitud de extremidades superiores e inferiores. Lograr un adecuado tratamiento temprano evita secuelas irreversibles como la artrosis. El estudio de las discrepancias se realiza con una telerradiografía estandarizada, la cual entrega la información de cuál es el segmento óseo comprometido y cuál es el largo total a corregir. Menos de 15mm de discrepancia se ha demostrado que no tiene influencia sobre la mecánica de la marcha ni de las articulaciones. Más de 15mm produce una alteración en las cargas articulares, rangos de movimiento articular, compensaciones musculares, compensaciones de columna (escoliosis compensatoria), entre otras, que producen secuelas a largo plazo. Los métodos de tratamiento existentes son conservadores y quirúrgicos. Dentro de estos últimos están los fijadores externos e internos. Los fijadores externos tienen una alta frecuencia de infecciones superficiales a través de las agujas, sin embargo, son versátiles y capaces de corregir prácticamente cualquier deformidad. Los fijadores internos (por ejemplo, clavos intramedulares) no pueden corregir grandes deformidades, así como tampoco realizar grandes alargamientos, sin embargo, su frecuencia de complicaciones es mucho menor y son mucho mejor tolerados por el paciente. Estos métodos de tratamiento logran resultados muy precisos. Tienen un margen de error de 3,5 mm de longitud, lo cual no tiene consecuencias mecánicas para una extremidad. La tasa de satisfacción es de alrededor del 90 por ciento y logran un alivio del dolor significativo...
Limb lengthening can be used to correct upper and lower limb length discrepancies. To obtain an appropriate treatment early in life prevents irreversible consequences, such as arthritis. The limb length discrepancies study is performed with a standardised leg length X-ray. This X-ray shows the compromised bone segment and what the total limb length discrepancy is. A limb length discrepancy of less than 15mm has no influence on factors such as, gait mechanics, joint range of motion, or long term joint degeneration. Over 1.5cm, several consequences appear such as: joint overload, decreased joint range of motion, muscle compensations and compensatory spine malalignment. Existing treatment includes non-surgical and surgical methods. Among the latter are internal and external fixations. External fixations have a high frequency of superficial infections, but are highly versatile, being able to correct virtually any deformity. The internal fixation (e.g. intramedullary nails) cannot correct large deformities, or make big lengthenings, but its complication rate is much lower and is much better tolerated by the patient. These treatment methods achieve very accurate results. They have an error of 3.5mm in length, which has no mechanical consequences to an extremity. The satisfaction rate is high, with around 90 percent achieving a significant pain relief...
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Lengthening/instrumentation , Bone Lengthening/methods , Leg Length Inequality/surgery , Bone Lengthening/adverse effects , Bone Lengthening/history , External Fixators , Bone Diseases, Developmental/surgery , Ilizarov Technique , Osteogenesis, DistractionABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proven to be effectivein disinfecting root canals. The aim of this present study wasto evaluate the effects of PDT on the viability of Enterococcusfaecalis using methylene blue (MB) and malachite green(MG) as photosensitizers. Solutions containing E. faecalis(ATCC 29212) were prepared and harvested by centrifugationto obtain cell suspensions, which were mixed with MBand MG. Samples were individually irradiated by the diodelaser at a distance of 1mm for 30, 60, or 120 seconds. Colonyformingunits (CFU) were determined for each treatment.PDT for 60 and 120 seconds with MG reduced E. faecalis viabilitysignificantly. Similar results were obtained when MBwas used as photosensitizer. PDT using MB and MG haveantibacterial effect against E. faecalis, showing potential tobe used as an adjunctive antimicrobial procedure in endodontictherapy...